Is my rabbit suffering from stress?

To be healthy and happy, your pet rabbits need to be able to carry out their natural behaviours comfortably.

A rabbit's behaviour can vary based on their age, personality or past experiences, however, it's common to see rabbits who are frightened or in pain develop habits like aggression or hiding. Other signs that a rabbit may be suffering from stress or fear include chewing cage bars, over-grooming, a change in feeding or toileting habits, or repeatedly circling their enclosure.

All rabbits are individuals and may behave differently, so we recommend that you become familiar with your own rabbit’s behaviour. If their behaviour changes suddenly, you’ll spot it and can then ask a vet for advice.

We go into more detail about recognising rabbit behaviour and what it can tell you how they’re feeling, here. Read on below for more about helping your rabbits avoid stress and negative behaviours.

Rabbits need:

Take a look at what you can do for your rabbit, to give them the best chance of being happy and healthy. Your rabbits need the following.

Access to all the things they require at all times. Think plenty of space, food, water, safe hiding places, companion rabbits, toilet areas and toys.
Safe toys to play with or chew on. This helps them keep physically and mentally active. Chewing helps keep their teeth the right shape and size, avoiding dental problems.
Regular opportunities to play with other friendly rabbits and/or people. Rabbits are highly social, playful and inquisitive animals who need to interact and play with other friendly rabbits. For this reason rabbits shouldn't be housed alone unless your vet advises otherwise. Many rabbits also enjoy interacting with their owners – on their own terms.
Constant access to safe hiding places so they can escape if they feel afraid. Rabbits must be able to hide from things that scare them. They’re a prey species, so they need to be able to hide somewhere secure, away from the sight and smell of predators such as foxes, cats and dogs. They also need time away from other rabbits.
Opportunities to exercise daily to stay fit and healthy. Rabbits are active animals needing regular, frequent exercise. Their most active periods, when they like to graze, forage and be sociable, are early morning, late afternoon and overnight. Ideally, they would have 24/7 access to a large exercise area attached to their main shelter.

Domestic rabbit using outdoor tunnel to hide in.

Constant access to good quality hay. This is important for their emotional wellbeing, as well as their dental and digestive health.
Suitable materials that allow digging (e.g. a sand box or shredded paper). Rabbits live in burrows in the wild and digging is one of their natural behaviours. Not being able to dig can cause a rabbit high levels of stress.
Areas to mark territory. Scents, such as chin secretions, urine and droppings, are important communication methods for rabbits.
For you to be observant. If your rabbit's behaviour changes or they show signs of stress or fear, seek advice from a vet or qualified animal behaviourist as they could be distressed, bored, ill or injured. A rabbit's behaviour depends on their age, personality and past experiences. Rabbits who are frightened or in pain may change their behaviour or develop unwanted habits such as aggression or hiding.
Kindness! Never shout at or punish rabbits. They are unlikely to understand what you mean and can become nervous or scared. If your rabbit's behaviour becomes an ongoing problem, seek advice from a vet or a qualified behavioural expert.